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| Charles Minard's Visualisation of Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow |
Organisations are particularly weak in the areas of portfolio performance, risk and benefits management. The most common approach followed when portfolio governance boards review their inflight portfolio is to run through a list of projects and programs with health ratings (eg traffic lights – red, amber, green) for a variety of performance indicators (eg overall, budget, schedule, resources, risk, and benefits), and some basic commentary. If you are doing this you are wasting your time.
Firstly, it is ineffective. This approach is incapable of creating learning and facilitating decision making that improves structural and systemic problems and inefficiencies regarding the organisation’s portfolio management capability and capacity. If something is going wrong with one of the projects or programs in the list the best that the portfolio governance board can do is authorise actions to be taken by, or with respect to, the project or program concerned. But, secondly and worse still, this is merely duplicating effort that has already taken place at Steering Committee level; the portfolio governance board is doing little more than delegating back (with interest) what the Sponsor has escalated up to them and is already doing their best to deal with. This is not a good use of anyone’s time and energy.
Portfolio Analysis
An alternative approach is to give your portfolio data to a data analyst with project management knowledge and ask them to turn it into valuable information that tells you something about portfolio performance, risk profile and benefits position as a whole, rather than project by project. Here are a few examples of what you might ask them to provide you:- What types of risk are the most common across the portfolio? Is there a particular type of resource bottleneck that presents regularly? Is vendor management a recurring problem? Is there evidence that project managers are consistently demonstrating forms of cognitive bias in their estimation, such as being overly optimistic?
- Are there particular “break points” in the portfolio (ie, projects or programs upon which there is a high degree of dependency by other projects and programs)? What is the health of the most significant break points? What is the combined value of 'at risk' investment dollars or benefits dependent on these break points?
- How does the health of tier 1 projects and programs compare with less critical projects and programs? Is there a point of increasing complexity at which portfolio performance and throughput tends to 'fall off a cliff'? Is the organisation allowing sufficient schedule and budget contingency in its tier 1 projects for these realities?
- What is the combined value of investment dollars or benefits by overall traffic light rating? Is the position improving over time?
Portfolio Visualisation
This information is far more valuable than a list of projects and programs with health indicators. It facilitates evidence-based decision making for steering the portfolio and resolving problems relating to capability and capacity, and provides the business case for action to address systemic problems.This is a more appropriate focus for portfolio governance boards.
However, it is critical that portfolio analytics are presented in a way that decision makers can make immediate sense of them. Data visualisation techniques can help to present an incredibly rich picture of your project portfolio. Bringing together graphical representations of portfolio information in a portfolio info-graphic facilitates immediate practical application by senior decision makers. This approach delivers vastly superior outcomes in terms of the quality of learning and decision making.
The power of this information in the hands of senior management is significant. It can be applied to everything from which risk categories to address first, to where to focus recruitment efforts, to how to tailor project management training needs to get the most value for the organisation.
Roles
This has implications for PMOs. In particular, the role of the portfolio analyst needs to become more analytical and versed in data visualisation techniques to be able to surface key messages and trends out of the detail of portfolio data. In most cases, PMO personnel come from a delivery background, and adopting portfolio analysis and visualisation techniques and approaches requires a significant degree of upskilling.This in turn highlights the importance of the role of independent portfolio assurance. Assurance, through health checks and other reviews, of your most important projects and programs remains essential. However, a portfolio intelligence expert can give you immediate access to the relevant analytics and visualisation skills needed to bring your portfolio information to life. Such services are a highly cost effective use of your assurance investment, resulting in improved portfolio performance and knowledge transfer.
For the purposes of this article I have created some simple visualisations of risk and benefits data using a basic tool. But there isn’t one size fits all for this and there are very powerful tools available to help you explore your data with greater precision and expressiveness. While there are common techniques, it is worth developing your own rich visual representations of your portfolio data. This information is what is unique to your business and it can be enriched so that it becomes one of your most valuable information assets and a source of competitive advantage.
